The Increased Need for Digital Forensics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Increased Need for Digital Forensics - Essay Example es, especially cyber crime, there has been a heightened demand for digital forensic professionals to support law enforcement and judicial systems at all levels in order to prosecute these crimes successfully. Digital forensics, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, is a specialized private detective who examines various items of technology in the pursuit of locating evidence related to a criminal act (Tucker, 9). Digital forensics are also utilized in the business world as a means to provide solutions to certain business issues, however digital forensics for business is far less prevalent than in criminal analysis. Digital forensics requires the technician to examine devices such as the PDA, laptop or cellular phone in the pursuit of various digital clues which lead to either support or refute claims of suspected criminal activity. A digital forensic scientist, searching the digital contents of a computer printer, would look for potential evidence such as time and date stamps, images still retrievable on the printer’s paper roller, or even the specific network identity of the printer if it was, indeed, attached to an online network (Ashcroft, 18). If the owner of this hypot hetical printer was alleged to have been involved in a child pornography ring, as one example, residual ink images left on the roller or various computer files buried in the printer’s hard disk might indicate whether a given alibi is valid or whether the individual has actually been distributing sexually explicit, youth materials. The personal computer and the laptop provide a myriad of potential forensic evidence in the event that a crime has been perpetrated. In this situation, forensic experts examine personal email, image/graphics files, calendars, address books and document files (Ashcroft, 10) as a means to find out whether the individual (or group) can be linked to the criminal behavior. Computer-created files, such as cookies, back-up files, temporary files and hidden files

The diameter of an impact crater Essay Example for Free

The diameter of an impact crater Essay For example if I unreliably choose to use a constant height of 30cm without any preliminary work, a problem may arise during the experiment where there isnt a major difference between the different recordings for the varying masses, which wouldnt produce results as intended. The independent variable, mass, also needs to be covered in my preliminary work to determine the best range of values I will set it to for the actual experiment. Also this will make it easier for me and save time later as I would already be familiar with the composition of the balls. Preliminary work will also allow me to identity any arising problems at an early stage and determine the required apparatus needed to complete the experiment. Preliminary results: Varying height HEIGHT (CM) DIRECTED SURFACE MASS (G) CRATER SIZE (MM) 1 2 3 Mean 20 Fine aquarium gravel Golf ball (42) 65 64 63 64 40 Fine aquarium gravel Golf ball (42) 86 86 87 86. 33 60 Fine aquarium gravel Golf ball (42) 93 93 92 92. 66 The table shows that as the height at which the ball is dropped from increases the crater size also increases. However from the preliminary work I have decided that I will keep a constant height larger than the ones tested. This is so more disperse results will be produced which will make the results clearer in order to notice any trends. Varying directed surface DIRECTED SURFACE HEIGHT (CM) MASS (G) CRATER SIZE (MM) 1 2 3 Mean Fine aquarium gravel 50 Golf ball (42) 91 91 92 91. 33 Silver sand 50 Golf ball (42) 93 94 93 93. 33 Fine sand 50 Golf ball (42) 94 94 94 94 As can be seen from the table, there is not much difference between the crater sizes produced when the golf ball is dropped into different directed surfaces. However if my intervals of height were higher then more disperse results would most likely be produced. Varying mass MASS (G) HEIGHT (CM). DIRECTED SURFACE CRATER SIZE (MM) 1 2 3 Mean Ping pong (2. 6) 50 Fine aquarium gravel 42 42 40 41. 33 Plasticine (29. 1) 50 Fine aquarium gravel 64 62 63 63 Golf ball (42) 50 Fine aquarium gravel 92 93 92 92. 33 As can be seen from the table, mass has a significant affect on the crater size. Amongst the balls I was to experiment during my preliminary was a steel ball, however initial testing showed that the ball sunk right into the directed surface which would have made it difficult to measure accurately. So I replaced it with plasticine, and I discovered that the size of the plasticine could be altered in order to vary the mass. So I was able to alter the size to match a similar mass of a steel ball. The usefulness and findings of my preliminary results, in accordance to the actual experiment, can be found in the variable table below: Dependent Variable value how measured Crater size Centimetre (cm) Recording should be repeated twice Vernier caliper Independent Variable Mass Grams (g) 5-35 Electric scale Control Variables Height Centimetre (cm) 100 constant Metre ruler Directed surface Fine aquarium gravel constant As mentioned earlier, using plasticine I am able to alter the mass to a range required. This is primarily the reason why I have chosen to use plasticine constantly throughout the experiment. By means of altering the mass for each recording I will be able to pre-set the intervals by 5g as required. Whereas if I were to use different balls I wouldnt be able to present a range of results through varying ranges. METHOD: I am now able to verify the apparatus needed to complete the investigation: Large plastic tray   Fine aquarium gravel to fill the tray   Plasticine Meter ruler to measure height   Two stand, bosses clamps to hold metre ruler and plasticine ball   Standard ruler used for leveling of aquarium gravel. Electric scale to measure mass of plasticine   Vernier caliper to measure crater size   Safety goggles (optional)   Set square (optional) Below is a diagram showing how the apparatus should be set up: The following steps will need to be carried out in order to conduct an accurate and more importantly successful experiment: 1. Begin by setting out the apparatus as shown in the diagram above. It is required that 1/3 of the plastic tray is filled with the provided fine aquarium gravel. 2. Ensure that the boss of the clamp is positioned directly above the surface so an attached ball will fall directly below onto the surface. 3. Knowing the first range of mass is 5g, using the plasticine adjust the size until the mass totals 5g on the electric scale. 4. Tighten the plasticine ball to the boss of the clamp ensuring that it is positioned at 50cm height. A set square can be used to ensure the ball is placed at a straight angle. 5. Using the standard ruler provided smooth the fine aquarium gravel so it is level. 6. Now ensuring that the plasticine is positioned at the correct height (50cm), it is placed at a straight angle and the surface is smooth, loosen the boss and the plasticine should fall onto the surface using the force of only gravity. 7. Without putting any pressure on the ball, remove it from the surface. 8. Finally using a vernier caliper measure the diameter of the created crater. The results of this should be recorded into the results table. 9. In order to produce the most accurate results possible, repeat stages 3-8 twice more using the same mass of plasticine. However it is required the mass of plasticine is measured again as this may have changed during the first recording. 10. Repeat the whole experiment again but stage 3 should be altered so the mass of plasticine is 5g heavier than the one before. This procedure should continue until you have recorded final results for 35g. Safety is not a major factor to take into consideration. However it is optional to wear safety goggles in order to avoid a rare occasion of any fine aquarium gravel coming into contact with eyes. And as usual general safety will need to be carried out by placing bags away from the area used for the experiment and ensure the desk is cleared of all books and stationary.  Fine aquarium gravel   Fine aquarium gravel. Fine aquarium gravel   Fine aquarium gravel Fine aquarium gravel   Fine aquarium gravel   found that altering the size of the plasticine to match the required range was time consuming and at times recordings had to be repeated as the mass wasnt accurate. However using plasticine gave me additional independent control than I would have had if I used a range of different balls.

Comparitive Analyis: Jefferson versus Hamilton Essay -- Politics Alexa

Though both Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson served as members of President Washington’s cabinet, the two held very different views on the newly founded U.S. government, interpretation of its constitution, and the role of the â€Å"masses† in that government. These conflicting views would develop in two political parties, the Federalists led by Hamilton and the Democratic-Republicans led by Jefferson. Although both political parties presented enticing aspects, Hamilton’s views were much more reasonable and fruitful when compared Jefferson’s views; idealistic and too strict in reference to the constitution. Republicans, led by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, strongly opposed America becoming a land of cities, mines, mills, factories, and other industrial plantations. To support their ideas for a country of farmers, they adopted the theory of strict constructionism. This theory put forth the thought that the government did not have the power to do anything, unless it was expressly given the consent by the Constitution. Federalists, on the other hand, promoted the growth of industry in America. This party, lead by Alexander Hamilton, used the idea of broad constructionism. It said that unless the Constitution said it could not be done, it was fine to go ahead and do it. They often referred to the Necessary and Proper Clause, also known as the Elastic Clause; this stated that the government had the power to pass any law deemed â€Å"necessary and proper.† These two ideas...

Shawshank Redemption Under the 4 Frames of Organizational Views

I. Problema â€Å"Shawshank Redemption† Brief Summary: Andy Dufresne a young and successful banker is sent to Shawshank Prison for the murder of his wife and secret lover. When he first arrives in prison he is very isolated and lonely. With time he realizes there is something deep within every man, that no other can touch, that will help him get through this phase in his life. This element is Hope. Andy becomes friends with prison ‘fixer' Red  and becomes influential within the prison, with both guards and inmates. Andy epitomizes why it is crucial to have dreams.His spirit and determination, leads him to plan one of the most elaborate prison breaks in Shawshank and filled with courage and desire he completes his daring escape. Political Issues The 2 biggest political issues we see in this movie is the relationship between the guards and the prisoners, and the warden stand on Andy’s meaning to him. The only way to have an easier sentence and have good relationsh ips with the guards is the use of buying them and having them be quiet and silent or noisy and violent when necessary.This is seeing in the movie when guards walk by and ignore acts of rape or violence, or when they act upon their own instincts to punish or abuse another prisoner, to make a statement. This helps create a reputation among not only the guards; but the prisoners. With some of them, knowing how to use the guards to their benefit and that allows them to create factions for other motives. The relationship Andy established with Red (Morgan Freeman) can also be viewed as a political movement towards neutrality, and avoid being casted in a specific prison group, faction or movement.The way the Warden treats Andy during the whole movie is a use of extreme political power. Authority based on state powers which is used for individual benefits and be subdued when necessary. Using Andy when needed and punishing him when he gets out of line. Creating the relationship of power and authority. Symbolic Issues It’s hard to pinpoint what the administrative characters symbolize, since most of them play to their roles exactly to what we expect from them. The warden for example plays a rough, violent, political figure which is seeing by the way he runs the prison.The guards are the typical peons in a chess game, where they don’t ask why things happen, they just obey their orders. Personally I believe that 4 characters make up the individual in the movie. We might see ourselves in any of these characters. Red (Morgan Freeman) The Best Friend. The man who knows the ins and out of the prison. It’s been there for a long time and has created a neutral or conformist position on the issues that arise. Viewed as the person nobody can hate; because of his easy going attitude and willingness to help the ones that seek him. Brooks Hatlen (James Whitmore)The grandfather of the group. Silent but participate, his opinion holds good power because he has become institutionalized by the prison, by age. When let free from prison, we can’t deal with the outside burdens and feels disconnected from the present world. He kills himself and we see him as retired old man, without family of friends, with no motive to live. A depressed old man. Andy Dufrasne (Tim Robbins) The hero of the movie. Manages to be likeable; but strong enough to convey a stand against abusive authority. Playing your cards in a well thought out game to reach the conclusion you need.Andy not only escapes from prison; but also shines the light on the corrupt system the prison was having. Tommy Williams (Gil Bellows) The loose gun. That person we see on our lives that we can’t get through to. Could be a son, a brother or a close friend. Even though we know the bad things, we believe there is still hope to save him and have him change. When he is murdered in the movie, we think to our selves, It was too late for him. He already dug up his tomb. There’s alwa ys someone in our lives that we wish we could save. ———————————————————————II. Some Unconscious Aspects of Organizations Help create a Psychological Frame from this Article From reading the lecture, I won’t bother in recreating each aspect of the stories. Instead I will try to create and explain the postulates, that I believe, make up the psychological frame. Also I’ll link personal examples to the postulates. 1. Organizations are always linked to the person who creates them From hiring the first employees and creating the standards of supervision. Companies will always remember the person who created them.Some companies create Principles or Values, to linger the essence of the first â€Å"settler†. a. Personal example: The Company Mars Inc. known mostly for Chocolate and PetCare food, has been always a private, family owned company. As soon as new employees are hired, they are treated as â€Å"associates† and taught the 5 family principles, to longer stretch the Mars Philosophy of work. 2. Human Aspect will be translated from founder to organization Any aspect or specific personality the founder has, will be shown on either company view or work style.Not only Unconscious Aspects talks about this translation happening; but also Perfection or Bust, talks about an Obsessive Compulsive Company. b. Personal Example: An accounting company founded by a man that likes to commit to a lot of contracts, without evaluating the resources on hand. A compulsive man that reacts before analyzing and then becomes harsh upon reviewing results. 3. Change in governing factors are related to change in employees, and might be temporary Even though must companies maintain a certain style of work and certain way to act upon the public eye; these aspects might change or evolve with time.Most compani es are viewed by the people who employ the company at that moment. That’s why opinions may vary from time to time, depending on who holds management. c. Personal Example: P&G has been viewed as a conservative company, by others in the industry. A public company, result oriented in which whoever works there, must be extremely efficient and intelligent to achieve a position. Other General Manager have tried to create a more liberal and laid back style of work; but have been put out by upper management; but during those times, the companies style and opinion was different. . Development of employees is more of an indoctrination The training of the job, will come tied to the ideology of the company. Created by the founder of the company. This way, the work style and culture is propagated by the same employees and on hand-training. d. Personal Example: Both P&G and Mars Inc. , create online assessment, where the company’s history and culture is explained in detail. Helping the employee or associate get acquainted with the company’s culture.

Midterm Exam Essay

The Midterm Exam questions come from Modules 1-4. You should plan to take 2 hours to complete the exam. The exam is essay. Each answer is worth 20 points for a total of 100 points. Type your responses in this document and submit to the Dropbox by Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT. (This Dropbox basket is linked to Turnitin.) To see how your responses will be graded, review the â€Å"Midterm and Final Exam Grading Rubric† in Doc Sharing. 1. A re-organization will require that some employees are provided severance packages while other reassigned. What interpersonal managerial roles developed by Mintzberg will a manager confronted with this employ? Explain. The interpersonal managerial roles that will confront a manager are figurehead, leader and liaison. The manager will be confronted by the figurehead role because he is the person that is in charge, that is representing the organization in these decisions. He will also be confronted by the liaison role because he will be interacting with his peers during and possibly after these decisions are made. Lastly he will be confronted with the leader role because he is the leader of his employees and will be required to gather the information and ultimately make the decisions. 2. A manager has decided to use the Hawthorne Studies to improve productivity in an office. How would she accomplish this? Would the results be short- or long-term? Explain. Hawthorne studies dealt with group and individual behavior in the workplace. I think that a manager can accomplish more productivity in the workplace by making job satisfaction a priority. If someone is satisfied in their job then they are more likely to be productive. A manager can make the job more satisfying by making work challenging and interesting. Simple stuff such as introducing the latest software for office tasks or having an employee challenge of who can make the most sales in a week etc. can all help. A manager can also provide a reward system for employees that do well at work. Another thing a manager can do is create a supportive work environment for employees where they can ask for help or raise concerns without fear or prejudice. I think that all these factors will raise job satisfaction and as a result reduce the turnover rate, absenteeism and create a more productive workplace. These results would be long term because old employees would stay in the job longer and n ew employees would appreciate the work environment. 3. Nobel Prize-winning economist Milton Friedman argued that, â€Å"there is one and only one social responsibility of business—use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game† (Friedman, 1962, p. 133). Do you agree with Friedman? Explain. I do not agree with Friedman. Friedman was campaigning for a capitalist society where capitalism was not wrong as long as â€Å"it stays within the rules†. For a long while this idea worked and was the American way. However this is the same idea that caused the financial meltdown. The rules Friedman was referring to was an unregulated market were profit was the driving force, profit at any cost. Loans were made and taken with no common sense, ethics or regulations. Responsibility and accountability went out the window and the economy crashed. There has to be some ethics and social responsibility involved for businesses. Businesses based in America should have a social responsibility to create a particular amount of jobs and not only take advantage of China’s cheap labor to increase profit margins. Companies can profit from things like innovation, ideas, excellence not only unethical behavior. These â€Å"rules† need to be revised for our country’s future. A capitalist society that lacks rules, regulations, ethics and social responsibility has already been proven to have only short term success. We need to also think about the future. 4. Please evaluate this scenario by detailing what the manager would do for each step in the decision-making process. i) Two employees are blaming each other for a project they collaborated on which failed. ii) The department’s last three hirers all quit within six months. The decision making process entails the identification of a problem, identification of decision criteria, allocation of weights to criteria, development of alternatives, analysis of alternatives, selection of an alternative, implementation of the alternative evaluation of decision effectiveness. i) The first step in problem 1 would require the manager to find out why the project failed then maybe he can identify who if anyone was at fault. The second step would be to figure out the criteria that are relevant to their decisions such as whether enough research was done, was the planning done poorly etc. The third step would be to rate or put a weight to each factor found in step two as to their importance in the final decision e.g. not enough research 5, poor planning 4. The fourth step is to list the alternatives that could succeed in resolving the problem, like 1st alternative termination, second alternative training course, third etc. The fifth step would be to analyze each alternative in step four weighing up the pros and cons of each potential alternative like would termination be a benefit or liability to the company. The sixth step is choosing the best alternative after they have each been evaluated. The seventh step in the implementation of each decision, this is where the decision would be conveyed to the two employees. The eighth and final step is an evaluation to see whether if implementation of the decision took care of the problem, e.g. would projects be successful in the future. ii) The first step would be to indentify why the workers all quit within that particular time frame. The second step would be figure out a decision criteria, e.g. need for more staff, need a new office building etc. The third step would be to allocate weight to each of the criteria’s in step two e.g. five be the highest and one be the lowest, need for more staff rated at 5 would have the better weight than a new office building rated at a three. The fourth step would be to list all the alternatives better work environment, incentives etc. The fifth step would be to analyze every alternative. The sixth step would be to choose the best alternative. Step seven would be the implementation of the alternative and step eight would be an evaluation of if the alternative fixed the problem. 5. Competition with China has eviscerated many American industries, how can women’s clothing companies compete? Car companies? Please use Michael Porter competitive advantage categories: cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, and niche in your answer. Explain. I believe that American car companies can compete by implementing all three competitive strategies. American car companies can utilize a cost leadership strategy, a differentiation strategy and also a focus strategy. I think that American companies can utilize the cost leadership strategy by reducing overhead expenses and translating some of those savings into the final price of the cars. Another portion of those savings can be used towards innovation or inventing something that gives American companies an advantage such as a more powerful engine, better handling etc. One of the things that really shocked me during the financial collapse was how much the CEO and board members of these car companies were making. American car companies can also use a differentiation strategy to become competitive. American car companies can utilize every sub category under differentiation strategy such as innovation, better customer service at its dealerships, innovative designs, technological capabilities etc. A differentiation strategy coupled with a cost leadership strategy would make American car companies competitive. The last competitive strategy is a focus strategy. This is where these car companies focus on one segment. A segment can be a geographical location, customer type etc. I think a focus strategy can help these companies market their cars to specific demographics, different financial classes, different countries etc. With a differentiation implementation of maybe new innovation or technology and better customer service at their dealerships along with focus strategies then maybe American car companies can change the way that people perceive them and become more competitive in the car industry. I think that all American companies can utilize the three different competitive strategies. One of these strategies would impact more than another depending on different factors such as the type of company, the size, location etc. Women’s clothing can also benefit. To me it would depend on the size of the women clothing company. If it were something that’s available only within the United States then I would focus less on a focus strategy as women’s clothing is already focused towards women. A cost leadership strategy can always be helpful to become competitive by reducing overheads etc. A differentiation strategy can also be implemented but again I think that this will depend on the size of the clothing company and it’s goals.